Inflammation!!!!!

Inflammation is a response of the body when there is damage done to tissue. There are many things that can cause inflammation. Some of those things include pathogens, abrasions, chemical irritations, disturbances to cells and also extreme temperatures. It is fairly easy to identify inflammation. Some of the obvious clues are redness, swelling, pain and heat. When tissues are damaged and inflammation occurs, some functions can be lost in that area. This depends on the location and also the extent of the injury. Inflammation is a way to dispose of microbes, toxins and foreign materials at the injured area. This helps prevent the spread to other tissues. It also helps to prepare the site of injury for tissue repair and restore homeostasis in the tissue.
The inflammatory response consists of three different stages. The first stages is vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels. The second stages is the movement of phagocytes from the blood to the interstitial fluid. The final stage is the tissue repair.
The events of inflammation can be summarized in about seven steps. * Microbes, or bacteria, enter the area of injury. * Vasodilation of the microcirculation. This results in an increased blood flow. * An increase in vascular permeability to protein. * Filtration of fluid into the tissue. This is what causes the swelling. * Exit of neutrophils and later monocytes, from the blood vessels to the tissues. * Phagocytosis and destruction of the microbes. * Tissue repair.
When the small blood vessels constrict, they quickly dilate. When this dilation occurs, it slows the blood flow this what causes the redness and heat at the injury site. White blood cells move through the blood vessels and move into the injured area. While they are there...they have to job to clean up the micro-organisms and the dead tissue. When protein and water are moved from the blood vessels is when the swelling occurs. With water and protein comes other substances that start the clotting process. One of these substances is fibrin. Fibrin is what is responsible for deaths that can occur in diphtheria.
Inflammation is a necessary process. When you have a wound, it has to go through the inflammation process before the wound healing process an start. When tissue is injured, chemical reactions are started which in turn started the inflammatory process.

Arteries

Arteries are what carry blood away from the heart. They carry the blood to the other organs of the body. The wall of arteries has three coats. The coats are the tunica interna, the tunica media and the tunica externa. The innermost coat is the tunica interna, it is composed of a lining of simple squamous epithelium called endotherlium, a basement membrane and a layer of elastic tissue called the internal elastic lamina.The endothelium is a continuous layer of cells that line the inner surface of the entire cardiovascular system. The tunica interna is the closest layer to the lumen. The lumen is the hollow space in which the blood flows. The tunica media is the middle coat. The coat contains elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers. These fibers are arranged in rings around the lumen. The tunica externa is composed of mostly of elastic and collagen fibers. The walls of arteries normally can stretch easily without tearing when there is an increase in pressure.
ELASTIC ARTERIES: Elastic arteries, sometimes called conducting arteries, are the arteries with the largest diameter. The contain a lot of elastic fibers in their tunica media. They help propel blood onward while ventricles are relaxing. When blood is moved into elastic arteries, the walls stretch and the elastic fibers store mechanical energy. When the ventricles are relaxing, the fibers within the artery walls recoil and this forces blood towards the smaller arteries.
MUSCULAR ARTERIES: The medium sized arteries are called the muscular arteries. These arteries have more smooth muscle and less elastic fibers than the elastic arteries. These arteries are capable of greater vasoconstriction and vasodilation, allowing them to adjust to the rate of blood flow. Muscular arteries cn also be called distributing arteries. This is because they distribute blood to a variety of areas of the body.
When muscular arteries divide into smaller arteries, those smaller arteries then divide into even smaller arteries. The smallest arteries are called arterioles. These arterioles delivers blood to capillaries. They play an important role in regulating the blood flow from arteries to capillaries by regulating the opposition to blood flow. When the diameter of an artery is smaller, the friction is greater. Arterioles are also known as resistance vessels. This is because relaxation and contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls can change the diameter. The contraction of the smooth muscle of an arteriole causes vasoconstriction. When this occurs, the resistance is increased and the blood flow into the capillaries is decreased. During relaxation, resistance is decreased and the blood flow into the capillaries is increased. This is called vasodilation.
The diameter of arteries can also affect someone's blood pressure. vasoconstriction increases blood pressure while vasodilation decreases blood pressure. While veins are moving blood from tissues to the heart, arteries are transferring blood from the heart to the tissues. The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life. Its proper functioning is responsible for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products, maintenance of optimum pH, and the mobility of the elements, proteins and cells of the immune system.